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ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of endogenous metabolites in serum of ovariectomized rats and the effect of Erxiantang on them based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）. MethodTwenty-four healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group， model group and Erxiantang group（7.5 g·kg-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Bilateral ovarian tissues were excised in the model and Erxiantang groups， and small pieces of adipose tissues were excised in the abdominal cavity of the sham-operated group bilaterally， and gastric administration was started 2 weeks after surgery， and equal volumes of distilled water were gavaged in the sham-operated and model groups. After 12 weeks of administration， blood was collected from abdominal aorta， and non-targeted metabonomics was performed on rat serum by LC-MS， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to screen differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and the levels of key enzymes of metabolic pathways were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultThe results of metabonomics showed that 82 differential metabolites between the model group and the sham-operated group were glycerophospholipids， fatty acyls， steroids and steroid derivatives， of which the most significant difference was glycerophospholipids. At the same time， Erxiantang could call back 65 out of 82 differential metabolites， of which 11 were statistically significant， mainly phosphatidylcholine（PC） and lysophosphatidylcholine（LysoPC） in glycerophospholipids， followed by corticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol in steroids and steroid derivatives. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis in model group were changed， and were recovered after the administration of Erxiantang. ELISA results showed that compared with the sham-operated group， serum levels of cholinephosphate cytidylytransferase（CCT）， secretory phospholipase A2（sPLA2） and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase（LPCAT）， which were the key metabolic enzymes of glycerophospholipid metabolite PC and LysoPC， were significantly decreased in the model group（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and choline phosphotransferase 1（CPT1） levels decreased but the difference was not statistically significant， compared with the model group， the levels of CCT， sPLA2 and CPT1 were significantly increased in Erxiantang group（P<0.01）. In addition， compared with the sham-operated group， the levels of cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， the high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） level was decreased（P<0.05）， compared with the model group， the levels of TC， TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased in Erxiantang group（P<0.01）. ConclusionEndogenous metabolites and related metabolic pathways in ovariectomized rats were altered， and Erxiantang can reverse some of the different metabolites and related pathways， such as regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism by regulating metabolic enzymes CCT， sPLA2 and CPT1 to increase the levels of PC and LysoPC， and then improve the pathological changes such as lipid metabolism disorder in ovariectomized rats.
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Approximately 140 million people worldwide are homozygous carriers of APOE4 (ε4), a strong genetic risk factor for late onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), 91% of whom will develop AD at earlier age than heterozygous carriers and noncarriers. Susceptibility to AD could be reduced by targeted editing of APOE4, but a technical basis for controlling the off-target effects of base editors is necessary to develop low-risk personalized gene therapies. Here, we first screened eight cytosine base editor variants at four injection stages (from 1- to 8-cell stage), and found that FNLS-YE1 variant in 8-cell embryos achieved the comparable base conversion rate (up to 100%) with the lowest bystander effects. In particular, 80% of AD-susceptible ε4 allele copies were converted to the AD-neutral ε3 allele in human ε4-carrying embryos. Stringent control measures combined with targeted deep sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and RNA sequencing showed no DNA or RNA off-target events in FNLS-YE1-treated human embryos or their derived stem cells. Furthermore, base editing with FNLS-YE1 showed no effects on embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Finally, we also demonstrated FNLS-YE1 could introduce known protective variants in human embryos to potentially reduce human susceptivity to systemic lupus erythematosus and familial hypercholesterolemia. Our study therefore suggests that base editing with FNLS-YE1 can efficiently and safely introduce known preventive variants in 8-cell human embryos, a potential approach for reducing human susceptibility to AD or other genetic diseases.
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Humans , Apolipoprotein E4/genetics , Cytosine , Mutation , Blastocyst , Heterozygote , Gene Editing , CRISPR-Cas SystemsABSTRACT
The original meaning of pathogenesis refers to the cardinal mechanism of the occurrence, development and change of disease, which has three characteristics: cardinal, dominant and directional. The original pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis includes aging and renal failure, which was determined through ancient Chinese medicine books and modern researches. The basic contradiction and evolutionary law of diseases from the level of original pathogenesis were identified, that contribute to the prevention and treatment of primary osteoporosis with Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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【Objective】 To study the yielding rate and distribution of unexpected antibodies in blood transfusion children with thalassemia in Yunnan province, and to explore the blood transfusion strategies. 【Methods】 From January 2016 to December 2021, 298 children with thalassemia, who received blood transfusion treatment in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Dehong, Yuxi and Baoshan hospitals across Yunnan Province, were selected. The unexpected antibodies of blood plasma were screened by microcolumn gel card. The samples with positive antibodies were identified for alloantibody specificity. 【Results】 Unexpected antibodies were yielded in 67 out of 298(22.48%) transfused children with thalassemia. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in boys and girls were 16.55%(24/145) and 28.10%(43/153), respectively. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in Han, Dai, Zhuang, Yi, Bulang, Jinuo and Miao people were 14.06%(18/128), 30.80%(32/104), 35.71%(10/28), 36.36%(8/22), 50.00%(4/8), 60.00%(3/5)and 66.67%(2/3), respectively, with statistically significant differences between each other. The positive rate of unexpected antibodies in ethnic minorities was higher than that in Han. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children who received the first transfusion at birth-one year old, 1~3 years old, 3~6 years old and above 6 years old were 12.50%(3/24), 10.14%(7/69), 24.54%(40/163)and 40.48%(17/42), respectively. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children with first transfusion after 3 years old were significantly higher than those before 3 years old. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children with one transfusion, 1~3, 3~10, 10~20 and more than 20 transfusions were 4.76%(1/21), 12.07%(7/58), 23.71%(23/97), 28.16%(29/103)and 36.84%(7/19), respectively, with statistically significant differences between each other. The number of blood transfusions was positively correlated with the unexpected antibody yielding. The yielding rate of unexpected antibodies in children with α thalassemia, βthalassemia, δ+ βthalassemia and untyped thalassemia was 7.50%(3/40), 17.62%(34/193), 53.70%(29/54)and 9.09%(1/11), respectively(P<0.05). The yielding rate of unexpected antibodies in transfused children with δ+ βthalassemia was the highest. And 57 unexpected antibodies of Rh blood group system were yielded, 6 anti-M antibodies, 2 anti-N antibodies and 2 undetermined. 【Conclusion】 The positive rate of unexpected antibodies in transfused children with thalassemia in Yunnan province is high. Routine antibody screening should be carried out for transfusion children with thalassemia, and blood units, compatible with ABO, Rh and MNS typing results, should be selected to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.
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The United States is the first country to implement DRG payment in the world, and its MS-DRG(medical severity DRG)version has been used for reference by many countries and regions. In order to ensure the universal applicability of DRG grouping scheme and adapt to the clinical reality, the MS-DRG grouping scheme should follow such grouping rules as similarity of resource consumption, clinical similarity and easy management of DRG groups. This paper presented the evolution of MS-DRG and expounded on its grouping rules in detail, for reference in the amendment and improvement of grouping rules in CHS-DRG.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on targeted therapy of prostate cancer and its effect on tumor microenvironment. Methods:125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA ( 125I-virus complex) oncolytic adenovirus was constructed by PCR amplification and double restriction enzyme ligation. TUNEL staining, flow cytometry and Caspase-3 immunoblotting assay were used to detect the killing effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. To explore the effect of 125I-virus complex on tumor tissue cytokine secretion levels, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatant of human prostate cancer cell line PC3, mouse prostate adenocarcinoma cell line RM-1, and mice serum were detected by ELISA. We explored the regulation of 125I-virus complex on the expression of CD24, CD44 and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) in prostate tumor tissues and tumor cells through immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CD32 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as CD4+ , CD8+ and macrophage infiltration in tumor tissue were detected through immunofluorescence experiments. Results:125I-virus complex oncolytic adenovirus significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo that was significantly higher than that of 125I group and virus complex group. Meanwhile, IL-2 ( t=-183.30, -38.20, P<0.05), IL-10 ( t=113.80, 92.71, P<0.05), TNF-α ( t=-73.20, -73.91, P<0.05), IFN-γ ( t=-65.37, -139.70, P<0.05) increased in vitro and in vivo. 125I-virus complex reduced the expression of CD24, CD44 and PSCA in tumor cells and tumor tissue, reduced the weight of tumor tissue, inhibited angiogenesis of tumor tissue ( t=8.55, P<0.05), and regulated the immune response in tumor tissue. Conclusions:125I-virus complex targeting prostate cancer can significantly kill cancer cells, reduce the weight and angiogenesis of tumor, and improve tumor microenvironment.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of β-elemene combined with gefitinib in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with slow progression after first-line gefitinib treatment and its effects on quality of life and immune function.Methods:A prospective cohort study design was used to enroll patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who met the inclusion criteria from June 2017 to December 2018 in our hospital. They were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method. The experimental group was given elemene combined with gefitinib, and the control group was only given gefitinib. The clinical efficacy, quality of life and immune function of the two groups were compared after 2 cycles of treatment. The PFS2 (time from slow progression of disease to rapid progression of disease) was followed up.Results:A total of 61 patients were included. There were 30 cases in the experimental group and 31 cases in the control group. The disease control rates of the experimental group and the control group were 83.3% (25/30) and 58.1% (18/31) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.680, P=0.031). The short-term efficacy of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.623, P=0.009). The median PFS2 of the experimental group was 4.20 months (95% CI: 3.94-4.46), and the median PFS2 of the control group was 4.00 months (95% CI: 2.94-5.07), with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.948, P=0.026). Quality of life was compared between the two groups: in terms of physical function, emotional function and overall quality of life, score differences before and after treatment of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences [6.67(-6.66, 20.00) vs. 0(-6.66, 6.66), Z=-2.429, P=0.015; 29.17(2.08, 56.26) vs. 12.49(-14.59, 39.57), Z=-2.263, P=0.024; 16.67(-33.33, 56.67) vs. 8.34(-18.74, 35.42), Z=-2.249, P=0.025]. In terms of immune function, CD4 + T cells level in the experimental group increased after treatment compared with that before treatment (44.27%±6.78% vs. 41.17%±3.73%, t=-2.426, P=0.022), and CD8 + T cells level decreased compared with that before treatment (21.47%±3.18% vs. 23.50%±2.37%, t=2.532, P=0.017). After treatment, the level of CD4 + T cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (44.27%±6.78% vs. 39.63%±5.80%, t=2.725, P=0.011). Conclusion:β-elemene combined with gefitinib has a certain effect in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with slow progression after first-line gefitinib treatment, and the quality of life and immune function are improved. It is worthy of further clinical research.
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Pay-for-performance(P4P) is the third stage of payment evolution in the United States. As of 2010, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched a series of P4P programs, including hospital value-based purchasing(HVBP) program. This paper introduced the background and eligibility of HVBP in the United States, focusing on the contents and calculation methods of HVBP as references for the reform of payment methods in China.
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Humans , Alanine Transaminase , Amikacin , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Aztreonam , Bilirubin , Carbapenems , Ceftazidime , China , Creatinine , Cross Infection , Escherichia coli , Fibrosis , Fungi , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Hemorrhage , Hospitals, Teaching , International Normalized Ratio , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Length of Stay , Leukocyte Count , Linezolid , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , VancomycinABSTRACT
Pay-for-performance(P4P) is the third stage of payment evolution in the United States. As of 2010, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched a series of P4P programs, including hospital value-based purchasing(HVBP) program. This paper introduced the background and eligibility of HVBP in the United States, focusing on the contents and calculation methods of HVBP as references for the reform of payment methods in China.
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Ubiquitination, an essential post-transcriptional modification (PTM), plays a vital role in nearly every biological process, including development and growth. Despite its functions in plant reproductive development, its targets in rice panicles remain unclear. In this study, we used proteome-wide profiling of lysine ubiquitination in rice (O. sativa ssp. indica) young panicles. We created the largest ubiquitinome dataset in rice to date, identifying 1638 lysine ubiquitination sites on 916 unique proteins. We detected three conserved ubiquitination motifs, noting that acidic glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D) were most frequently present around ubiquitinated lysine. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these ubiquitinated proteins revealed that ubiquitination plays an important role in fundamental cellular processes in rice young panicles. Interestingly, enrichment analysis of protein domains indicated that ubiquitination was enriched on a variety of receptor-like kinases and cytoplasmic tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases. Furthermore, we analyzed the crosstalk between ubiquitination, acetylation, and succinylation, and constructed a potential protein interaction network within our rice ubiquitinome. Moreover, we identified ubiquitinated proteins related to pollen and grain development, indicating that ubiquitination may play a critical role in the physiological functions in young panicles. Taken together, we reported the most comprehensive lysine ubiquitinome in rice so far, and used it to reveal the functional role of lysine ubiquitination in rice young panicles.
Subject(s)
Acetylation , Lysine/metabolism , Oryza/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Protein Interaction Maps , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Proteome/metabolism , Ubiquitin/metabolism , UbiquitinationABSTRACT
With the progress of society and the improvement of living standard, the incidence of obesity is increasing. Serum leptin level increased significantly in the obese patients with hyperinsulinemia. However, the response to leptin is weakened, and then " leptin resistance" is widely concerned. Previous studies have focused on serum leptin levels and leptin receptor expression. In recent years, the mechanism of leptin resistance has been elucidated from different perspectives. This article tries to review the recent progress in the mechanism for leptin resistance, and briefly discusses the relationship between leptin resistance and insulin resistance, as well as the latest treatment measures for leptin resistance. With the development of leptin resistance research, it is believed that the increasing leptin sensitivity will be an important measure in obesity treatment.
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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors.@*Methods@#Patients in advanced stage of cancer who had had drug-resistant relapse after receiving multiple-line treatment received chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel from May 2016 to April 2018 in Daxing Hospital of Capital Medical University. Their clinical data were collected to evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety profile.@*Results@#36 patients who had advanced treatment-resistent tumors with evaluable data were enrolled. Of 36 patients, 55.56% (20) had previously received chemotherapy with paclitaxel. The objective response rate (ORR) was 8.33%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 25.0%, the median progression free survival (PFS) was 106 days, and the median overall survival (OS) was 183 days. The main adverse reactions of grade 3-4 were hematological toxicity, including neutropenia [36.11% (13/36)], anemia and thrombocytopenia [5.56% (2/36) and 16.67% (6/36)] in patients without neutropenia fever. Adverse effects of 3-4 degrees related to non-hematologic toxicity were not observed.@*Conclusions@#Chemotherapy regimen with albumin-bound paclitaxel has certain efficacy for advanced malignant tumors resistant to multiple lines of therapy and the adverse effects could be generally tolerated.
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With the rapid development of neuroimaging technology and related data processing methods, multimodal neuroimaging has been widely used in research fields such as neuroscience and clinical diseases. In this paper, the current development of multimodal neuroimaging fusion algorithm and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases were reviewed. The definitions, applications, and advantages of the three levels of multimodal neuroimaging fusion, i.e. early fusion, late fusion, and intermediate fusion, were introduced and analyzed. The commonly used multi-modal neuroimaging algorithm basing on signal source separation method and deep multi-modal learning was introduced. The application of multimodal neuroimaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of severe brain diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease was further discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future research directions of multimodal neuroimaging methods and applications were summarized.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors.Methods Patients in advanced stage of cancer who had had drug-resistant relapse after receiving multiple-line treatment received chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel from May 2016 to April 2018 in Daxing Hospital of Capital Medical University.Their clinical data were collected to evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety profile.Results 36 patients who had advanced treatment-resistent tumors with evaluable data were enrolled.Of 36 patients,55.56％ (20) had previously received chemotherapy with paclitaxel.The objective response rate (ORR) was 8.33％,the disease control rate (DCR) was 25.0％,the median progression free survival (PFS) was 106 days,and the median overall survival (OS) was 183 days.The main adverse reactions of grade 3-4 were hematological toxicity,including neutropenia [36.11％ (13/36)],anemia and thrombocytopenia [5.56％ (2/36)and 16.67％ (6/36)]in patients without neutropenia fever.Adverse effects of 3-4 degrees related to non-hematologic toxicity were not observed.Conclusions Chemotherapy regimen with albumin-bound paclitaxel has certain efficacy for advanced malignant tumors resistant to multiple lines of therapy and the adverse effects could be generally tolerated.
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A type of designated hospitals in Medicare is referred to as Long-Term Care Hospital (LTCH). LTCH is one of Post-Acute Care settings(I. e. Intermediate care)and the only facilities certified by length of stays. This article reviewed the milestones and payment methods of Medicare Long-Term Care Hospital payment system, for perfection of the medical insurance and construction of China′s intermediate care system.
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Objective To sort out the functional composition of the official App of a tertiary general hospital, and its usage. Methods Taking the tertiary general hospitals identified from the national hospital quality monitoring system as the research objects, statistically analyzing their functional composition, and comparing the App and WeChat public platform of two hospitals as examples.In addition, collecting relevant data from the official website of the hospital, and analyzing the influencing factors of its download and usage with multiple linear regression methods. Results There were 469 tertiary general hospitals nationwide, of which 137 had official Apps, with an accessibility rate of 29.21%.The accessibility rated in the eastern, central and western regions were 27.85% , 13.48% and 17.43% respectively.Hospital App prioritized in turn appointment registration (94.9% ), test report ( 76.8% ), and hospital navigation ( 71.7% ). The development of the hospital App in the eastern region taked the lead compared to the middle and western ones.The App′s score and the total outpatient visits of hospital had a positive impact on the download and use of the hospital App.The App′s scoring had a noteworthy impact. Conclusions Hospitals should enable to innovate their services, and highlight their characteristics.App should optimize its interface, improve its functions, enhance the interconnection of App functions, strengthen data security management, strengthen its publicity and expand its influence.
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Objective To investigate the effect of ERH gene knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder cancer T24 cells. Methods T24 cells infected by lentivirus with interference on ERH gene sequence were cloned to establish stable T24 cells clone in ERH gene suppression. The expression of ERH mRNA gene in bladder cancer was detected by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effects of ERH knockout on the cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. The effect of ERH knockout on the tumorigenic effect of T24 cells in vivo was verified by subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Results After lentiviral transfection, qPCR results showed that the knockdown effect of ERH mRNA in ERH normal group (untreated T24 cells) was better than that in ERH gene knockdown group, and the difference was statistically significant [(1.006±0.126) vs. (0.079±0.007); t=12.72, P=0.0002]. After knocking out ERH gene, MTT assay showed that the proliferation ability of T24 cells in ERH gene knockdown group was weakened compared with ERH normal group, and the difference was statistically significant [A490 value: (0.13±0.00) vs. (0.66±0.01);t=104.61, P<0.0001]. Colony formation assay indicated that the ability of clone in ERH normal group was weakened compared with ERH gene knockdown group [(10.5 ±1.2) vs. (196.4 ±4.0); t= 73.63, P< 0.0001]. Flow cytometry showed that the cell apoptosis rate in ERH gene knockdown group was higher than that in ERH normal group [(11.0 ±0.5) ％ vs. (4.2 ±0.5) ％; t= 16.06, P<0.0001]. Imaging results of subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice showed that the total fluorescence intensity of the tumor area in ERH gene knockdown group was (4.67 ±0.59) × 1010 μW/cm2, and the corresponding part in ERH normal group was (9.54±4.20) × 1010μW/cm2 (t=3.64, P=0.0051);tumor weight in ERH gene knockdown group was (0.80±0.62) g, and in ERH normal group was (1.79±0.71) g (t=3.33, P=0.0037). Conclusion ERH gene knockout can inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer T24 cells, and promote the cell apoptosis.
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Objective To explore the effect of betulinic acid on NAFLD and its mechanism. Methods We used the high-fat diet animal models, with or without feeding the standard chow diet containing betulinic acid for 2 months. During this period, the body weight was monitored regularly and metabolism cage was used to monitor the energy metabolism of the animals. After killing the mice, molecular biological analysis was performed on serum and tissue related to liver. Results In diet induced obese mice animal experiments, the mice body weight had been reduced and NAFLD had been improved significantly by betulinic acid. The various indexs of serum and liver tissue had also been significantly improved. The metabolic rate increased significantly. Fatty acid synthase gene and protein levels were significantly lower. Furthermore, FAS activity was significantly lower than the control mice. Liver FAS activity of the high fat mice and the high fat mice treated with betulinic acid were (1873.6 ± 85.7) and (1181.6 ± 85.7) pmol NADPH/ min/ mg protein, respectively. Conclusion Betulinic acid inhibited FAS at expression and activity level, and improved lipid deposition in liver.
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Objective To investigate the adaptability of Genotype M TBDRplus on detecting the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods Analyze and compare the results of Proportional drug sensitivity test and Genotype M TBDRplus detection in 479 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Tuberculosis Pre-vention and Control in Changping District from 2013 to 2015.Results A total of 434 strains in the 479 strains were detected as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by both of the two tests.The sensitivity and specificity of Geno-type M TBDRplus on detecting rifampiain(RIF)in the 434 stains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 96.55%(28/29)and 99.51%(403/405),the compliance rate of the two methods was 99.31%(431/434),and the mu-tation site was mainly S531L.The sensitivity and specificity of isohiazid(INH)were 88.14%(52/59)and 94.93%(356/375),the compliance rate of the two methods was 94.01%(408/434),and mutation sites were mainly C15T and S315T1.Conclusion Genotype M TBDRplus detection could provide the results of RIF and IN H resistance,and it is an effective supplement to the traditional proportional drug sensitivity method.